Kev Nyab Xeeb Hluav Taws Xob
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, PV chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim ntau zaus, uas tsis yog tsuas yog poob lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab thiab cov nyiaj tau los tsim hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj ua rau lub tsev puas tsuaj thiab raug mob ntawm tus kheej, thiab tseem kis mus rau ib puag ncig, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. .
DC arc yog qhov ua txhaum ntau tshaj plaws hauv PV chaw nres tsheb fais fab. Arcs yuav tshwm sim vim kev tiv thaiv kev poob qis, kev laus ntawm cov cuab yeej, kev rwb thaiv tsev tawg, thiab tsis zoo hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov teeb meem ntawm DC arc yog ntau dua li ntawm AC arc, vim tias tsis muaj xoom hla ntawm DC arc, thaum nws tshwm sim, nws yuav kub hnyiab, nws nyuaj rau tua, thiab nws yooj yim heev rau kev tua. ua rau hluav taws kub. Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov hluav taws kub sib tsoo hauv PV chaw nres tsheb fais fab yog tshwm sim los ntawm DC arcs. Raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm PV modules loj dua, lub zog thiab tam sim no ntawm DC sab system nce. Raws li Joule txoj cai lij choj Q=I²Rt, tam sim no ob npaug, thiab cov thermal nyhuv ntawm qhov luv-circuit point nce 4 zaug, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua hluav taws kub kuj tseem nce ntxiv.
DC Arc Classification
Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, tsis muaj qhov sib txuas rau PV modules thiab lawv cov xaim kom muaj arcs thiab sparks tshwm sim los ntawm kev tivthaiv thiab thaiv qhov tsis raug, qhov ntau PV kev teeb tsa muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm qhov raug DC voltages uas txhawb nqa DC arcs.
Muaj peb pawg tseem ceeb ntawm arcs hauv PV kev teeb tsa:
- Series arcs tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev xaim tsis raug lossis tawg series thaiv
- Parallel arcs yuav tshwm sim los ntawm ib feem luv luv ntawm cov kab uas nyob ib sab ntawm qhov sib txawv
- Cov av arcs vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm rwb thaiv tsev
Series Arc
Series arc, tseem hu ua kos arc. Series arcs feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuag tsis zoo ntawm cable plugs ntawm cov khoom, thiab kev sib txuas tsis zoo ntawm cov hlua cables thiab cov thawv sib txuas lossis cov inverters. Vim muaj coob tus series plugs nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab PV, muaj 2000 khub ntawm plugs nyob rau hauv 1MW rooftop PV chaw nres tsheb. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov plugs yog zoo zoo nrog ntau khub ntawm plugs. Cov kev phom sij no ua rau muaj kev sib cuag tsis zoo thiab tsim cov DC arcs.
Tam sim no, ob peb lub inverters sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tiv thaiv arcing, tab sis muaj ob qhov teeb meem loj nrog kev tiv thaiv no: Ua ntej, yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam arcing hauv ib txoj hlua, tag nrho cov inverter yuav raug kaw, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Poob lub zog tsim; Thib ob, tsis muaj qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov chaw ntawm arc hauv lub sijhawm thiab raug, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem. Tsuas yog kev rov pib dua kev tiv thaiv lawv tuaj yeem ua tau yog kom lub inverter khiav. Los ntawm qhov kev pom no, qhov kev tiv thaiv arc-kos duab ua haujlwm ua ke hauv inverter tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb meem arc.
Parallel Arc
Parallel arcs feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm luv luv ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo conductors tshwm sim los ntawm kab kev puas tsuaj, los yog luv luv ntawm txoj hlua cables. Thaum cov hlua cables yog mechanically squeezed los yog hnav, arcing yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes, los yog ntawm cov hlua sib txawv, uas yog ib tug parallel arc txhaum. Tseem muaj lwm qhov xwm txheej uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txuam arcs. Thaum lub series arcs nyob rau hauv lub system tsis kam nrog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, lub tshav kub ntawm lub series arcs burns tawm lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cables, thiab tsim ib tug parallel arcs.
Thaum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv square array, txij li lub arc tuaj yeem tau txais lub zog txaus, nws nyuaj rau kev tua, uas yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws kub heev. Cov kev txhaum arc tuaj yeem raug tua los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm DC lub tsheb npav lossis cov hlua sib txuas ntawm PV system, tab sis qhov tsis sib xws arc tsis tuaj yeem tua, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj qhov loj dua tam sim no dhau los ntawm txoj kev arc, ua rau arc khaus ntau dua.
Tam sim no, kev tiv thaiv arc kev ua haujlwm sib xyaw ua ke hauv inverter tsis tuaj yeem ntes cov arcs sib npaug thiab hauv av arcs, tab sis lub zog puas tsuaj ntawm qhov sib npaug arcs feem ntau yog 10 npaug ntawm cov arcs series, thiab kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb yog ntau dua.
Av Arc
Kev laus thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv lossis kev puas tsuaj ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv av. Yog hais tias cov khoom raug muab tso rau ntawm cov xim hlau pobzeb ru tsev, yuav muaj av arcs los yog to. Qhov kev txhaum no tsis yooj yim nrhiav tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub los nag. Tam sim no, txoj kev daws teeb meem yog kaw lub inverter thiab tos kom cov av qhuav ua ntej pib nws. Txoj kev no tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm kev phom sij thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kheej hluav taws xob poob siab.
DC High Voltage
Nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab PV, PV modules txuas nrog hauv series los tsim DC high voltage Circuit Court, uas feem ntau ncav cuag li 1000V. Txawm tias thaum lub kaw lus kaw, tseem muaj DC qhov hluav taws xob siab txog li 1000 volts hauv PV module matrix. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov chaw nres tsheb PV ru tsev, thaum hluav taws kub tshwm sim hauv PV chaw nres tsheb fais fab thiab cov tsev, nws nyuaj rau kev cawm dim; Thaum lub sij hawm niaj hnub ua haujlwm ntawm chaw nres tsheb fais fab thiab kev saib xyuas lossis kev tu vaj tse, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg soj ntsuam kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab.
Scenario Risk Analysis
Tsoom Fwv Tsev Kawm Ntawv, Tsev Kho Mob, Chaw Nyob Hauv Tsev
1. Kev tswj hwm hauv cheeb tsam. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom siv drones los soj ntsuam cov khoom rau qhov txawv txav, thiab nrhiav tsis pom kev phom sij rau lub sijhawm;
2. Cov pejxeem nyob tuab tuab. Cov tivthaiv square array muaj cov dej xau, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm;
3. Kev cawm tsuas yog txwv. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev xws li hluav taws kub, qhov hluav taws xob siab ntawm txoj hlua tsis tuaj yeem muab tua, cuam tshuam kev cawm;
4. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm pej xeem kev xav. Yog tias muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim, kev xav ntawm pej xeem yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua
Ntau xim steel pobzeb ru tsev
1. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev soj ntsuam. Cov xim hlau pobzeb lub ru tsev yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau kev tshuaj xyuas, thiab qhov phom sij ntawm arc kev nyab xeeb tsis tuaj yeem pom nyob rau lub sijhawm;
2. Kev cawm tsuas yog txwv. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev xws li hluav taws kub, qhov hluav taws xob siab ntawm txoj hlua tsis tuaj yeem muab tua, cuam tshuam kev cawm;
3. Lub ru tsev tsis yooj yim. Thiab DC arc spark yog ib qho yooj yim rau hlawv los ntawm cov xim hlau pobzeb thiab nkag mus rau qhov chaw qis, ua rau hluav taws thiab khoom puas tsuaj.
Txoj kev loj, dej ntws thiab lwm qhov chaw
1. Ib puag ncig txaus ntshai. Sporadic arc sparks los ntawm cov luam yeeb pob tw thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem ua rau cov nroj tsuag hlawv hauv qab no yooj yim;
2. Tsis yooj yim rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Qhov ntev thiab nqaim yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau kev tshuaj xyuas, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas yog qhov nyuaj, thiab tsis tuaj yeem pom muaj kev phom sij rau lub sijhawm;
3. Yooj yim cawm. Nyob deb ntawm lub nroog, xws li hluav taws thiab lwm yam xwm txheej, nws nyuaj rau kev cawm;
4. Kev sib tsoo thib ob. Thaum lub tsheb lossis lwm yam xwm txheej ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj, lub zog siab ntawm txoj hlua tsis tuaj yeem muab tua rau lub sijhawm, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo loj heev.
Cov kev cai lij choj hauv tebchaws thiab cov cai
Teb Chaws Asmeskas:
Raws li tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab ntawm National Electrical Code NEC2020 cov ntaub ntawv:
Siv qhov kev ncua deb mus rau PV matrix 305mm raws li qhov txwv, sab nraum qhov txwv, tsis pub dhau 30S tom qab lub cuab yeej pib, qhov hluav taws xob poob qis dua 30V; Nyob rau hauv tus ciam teb, nws yuav tsum muaj "PV kev tswj hwm kev phom sij", lossis txo qhov hluav taws xob qis dua 80V hauv 30S tom qab lub tshuab hluav taws xob pib.
Canada:
Raws li Canadian Electrical Code 2021 Edition:
Thaum DC sab voltage ntawm PV system yog siab dua 80V, ib qho kev cuam tshuam arc cuam tshuam cov cuab yeej lossis lwm yam khoom sib npaug yuav tsum tau nruab.
Thaum lub PV system tau nruab rau hauv lossis hauv lub tsev, yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub tshuab kaw nrawm. 1 meter deb ntawm PV module, tom qab lub tshuab kaw nrawm pib, nws yuav tsum tau txo qhov voltage kom qis dua 30V hauv 30S.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees:
Raws li German Standard VDE-AR-E 2100-712:
Hauv PV system, yog tias lub inverter raug kaw lossis kab sib chaws tsis ua haujlwm, DC voltage yuav tsum tsawg dua 120V. Kev siv lub tshuab kaw lus tau hais kom coj DC sab voltage qis dua 120V.
Australia:
Raws li seem 4.3.3 ntawm qhov tseeb AS / NZS 5033: 2021 tus qauv:
Thaum lub DC voltage ntau dua 120Vd.c, lub disconnecting ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau muab ntsia nruab nrab ntawm lub module thiab lub inverter.
Thaib teb:
Raws li tshooj 4.3.13 ntawm Thai Electrical Code-Solar Rooftop Power Supply Installations 2022:
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub ru tsev PV chaw nres tsheb fais fab yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub kaw lus ceev ceev, thiab qhov txwv yog 300 hli los ntawm PV matrix. Qhov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov txwv ntau yog txo kom qis dua 80V hauv 30 vib nas this tom qab pib lub cuab yeej, thiab qhov hluav taws xob sab nraud ntawm qhov txwv tau txo qis dua 30V.
BENY Tus kheej-R & D khoom
Rau lub hnub ci lub ru tsev thiab lub tsev muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws kub, BENY txoj hlua theem thiab module theem ceev kaw cov cuab yeej tswj cov vaj huam sib luag 'voltage mus rau ib qho kev nyab xeeb ntawm microsecond. Tiv thaiv kev raug xwm txheej thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub hnub ci zog. BENY cov kev daws teeb meem ceev ceev yog tsim raws li CE, TUV, UL tus qauv, Ua raws li cov kev cai hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov kev cai xws li Thai Electrical Code, NEC2020. Raws li ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Sunspec alliance, BENY tsim PLC kev sib txuas lus RSDs kom dav ua raws li ntau txoj hlua inverters. Tshawb xyuas cov khoom tam sim no.
Epilogue
Kev tsim kho ntawm PV fais fab chaw nres tsheb tau ua tiav, thiab nws tau txuas nrog ntau txhiab tsev neeg. Yuav ua li cas xyuas cov"kev nyab xeeb"ntawm PV fais fab chaw nres tsheb yog attracting zoo mloog los ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no tau zoo, tag nrho cov kev lag luam yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm ua ke los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab, thiab txhim kho cov qauv tsim thiab cov kev cai tas li, tom qab ntawd siv cov kev cai tsim nyog hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tom ntej.
Raws li lub zog tseem ceeb, kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm PV chaw nres tsheb fais fab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam.
